How Finland found a road to reconciliation after the Civil War of 1918

Photo: Gunnar Lönnqvist/cc by 4.0/Helsinki City Museum

Finland’s Parliament adopted a declaration of independence on December 6, 1917. Prior to that, armed “security” groups, which later became known as the Whites and the Reds, had already formed.

The Whites were politically conservative, while the Reds were associated with the labour movement. The long-established discord between the two camps meant that, even after independence was achieved, the way ahead for the new nation was unclear. The Civil War lasted from January 27 to May 15, 1918.

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